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1.
Rev. Paul. Pediatr. (Ed. Port., Online) ; 39: e2019414, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1143851

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the strength of respiratory muscles and to compare maximum inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory (MEP) pressure and MEP/MIP ratio between patients with chronic respiratory diseases and healthy individuals. Methods: Case-control study. Individuals with neuromuscular disease and post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans were considered. In addition, they were also matched according to anthropometric and demographic characteristics with healthy children and adolescents. MIP, MEP in the three groups, and pulmonary function only in patients with chronic respiratory diseases were recorded. Results: A total of 52 subjects with CRD (25 with neuromuscular disease, and 27 with post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans) and 85 healthy individuals were included, with an average age of 11.3±2.1 years. Patients with neuromuscular disease and post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans presented lower MIP and MEP when compared with healthy individuals, although MEP/MIP ratio was lower in patients with neuromuscular disease (0.87±0.3) and higher in patients with post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (1.1±0.3) compared to the healthy group (0.97±0.2). Only in patients with neuromuscular disease a negative correlation was observed between MEP/MIP ratio and age (r=-0.50; p=0.01). Conclusions: Differences in the pattern of muscular weakness between patients with chronic respiratory diseases were observed. In patients with neuromuscular disease, a decrease in the MEP/MIP ratio depending on MIP was verified; and in those patients with post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans, an increase in the MEP/MIP ratio depending on MIP was also observed.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a força dos músculos respiratórios e comparar a relação entre a pressão expiratória máxima (PEmáx) e a pressão inspiratória máxima (PImáx) em pacientes com doença respiratória crônica (DRC) e crianças saudáveis. Métodos: Estudo caso-controle. Foram selecionados indivíduos com doença neuromuscular e bronquiolite obliterante pós-infecciosa. Ademais, os grupos foram pareados com crianças e adolescentes saudáveis, considerando características antropométricas e demográficas. Foram registradas a PImáx e a PEmáx nos três grupos e a função pulmonar apenas em pacientes com doença respiratória crônica. Resultados: Foram incluídos 52 indivíduos com DRC (25 com doença neuromuscular e 27 com bronquiolite obliterante pós-infecciosa) e 85 indivíduos saudáveis, com idade média de 11,3±2,1 anos. Pacientes com doença neuromuscular e bronquiolite obliterante pós-infecciosa apresentaram menor PImáx e PEmáx em comparação aos indivíduos saudáveis, embora a relação PEmáx/PImáx tenha sido menor nos pacientes com doença neuromuscular (0,87±0,3) e maior nos pacientes com bronquiolite obliterante pós-infecciosa (1,1±0,3) em comparação ao grupo saudável (0,97±0,2). Somente em pacientes com doença neuromuscular foi observada uma correlação negativa entre a razão PEmáx/PImáx e a idade (r=-0,50; p=0,01). Conclusões: Foram observadas diferenças no padrão de fraqueza muscular em pacientes com doença respiratória crônica. Nos pacientes com doença neuromuscular, verificou-se diminuição na relação PEmáx/PImáx dependendo da PImáx; em pacientes com bronquiolite obliterante pós-infecciosa, foi observado aumento na relação dependendo da PImáx.


Subject(s)
Respiratory Muscles/physiopathology , Bronchiolitis Obliterans/physiopathology , Muscle Weakness/physiopathology , Neuromuscular Diseases/physiopathology , Case-Control Studies , Maximal Respiratory Pressures
2.
Clinics ; 72(8): 481-484, Aug. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-890726

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Spinopelvic alignment has been associated with improved quality of life in patients with vertebral deformities, and it helps to compensate for imbalances in gait. Although surgical treatment of scoliosis in patients with neuromuscular spinal deformities promotes correction of coronal scoliotic deformities, it remains poorly established whether this results in large changes in sagittal balance parameters in this specific population. The objective of this study is to compare these parameters before and after the current procedure under the hypothesis is that there is no significant modification. METHODS: Sampling included all records of patients with neuromuscular scoliosis with adequate radiographic records treated at Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology of Clinics Hospital of University of São Paulo (IOT-HCFMUSP) from January 2009 to December 2013. Parameters analyzed were incidence, sacral inclination, pelvic tilt, lumbar lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, spinosacral angle, spinal inclination and spinopelvic inclination obtained using the iSite-Philips digital display system with Surgimap and a validated method for digital measurements of scoliosis radiographs. Comparison between the pre- and post-operative conditions involved means and standard deviations and the t-test. RESULTS: Based on 101 medical records only, 16 patients met the inclusion criteria for this study, including 7 males and 9 females, with an age range of 9-20 and a mean age of 12.9±3.06; 14 were diagnosed with cerebral palsy. No significant differences were found between pre and postoperative parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Despite correction of coronal scoliotic deformity in patients with neuromuscular deformities, there were no changes in spinopelvic alignment parameters in the group studied.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Neuromuscular Diseases/physiopathology , Neuromuscular Diseases/surgery , Postural Balance/physiology , Scoliosis/physiopathology , Scoliosis/surgery , Spine/abnormalities , Spine/physiopathology , Medical Illustration , Medical Records , Postoperative Period , Quality of Life , Radiography , Reference Values , Spine/diagnostic imaging , Treatment Outcome
3.
Neumol. pediátr. (En línea) ; 12(3): 103-113, jul. 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-999074

ABSTRACT

Non-invasive respiratory care, combining with ventilatory support, initially at night and then during 24 hours/day, even in patients with minimal vital capacity and the implementation of specifics techniques like mechanically assisted coughing, glossopharyngeal breathing and air stacking, have contributed to a better quality of life and survival of patients with neuromuscular diseases. It is essential for health care professionals to know all the therapeutic possibilities for their patients and their families, so as the disease progresses it would facilitate their decision-making. Technological advances and proper training for patients and caregivers facilitate the stay at home and promote their autonomy and integration, without depending on hospital nor permanent nursing care. In November 2016 it was carried out the Noninvasive Ventilatory Support workshop/meeting with more than 200 physicians, physiotherapists, respiratory therapists and nurses in Montevideo, Uruguay. It was conducted by Dr. John Robert Bach, Medical Director of the Center for Non-Invasive Mechanical Ventilation at Rutgers New Jersey School of Medicine in Newark, New Jersey. Dr Bach is recognized worldwide for his extensive background in studies and publications on noninvasive ventilation and neuromuscular diseases.


Los cuidados respiratorios no invasivos, combinando la asistencia ventilatoria, inicialmente nocturna y luego durante las 24 h del día, incluso en pacientes con capacidad vital mínima, más la implementación de estrategias complementarias de tos asistida, respiración glosofaríngea y apilamiento de aire (air stacking) en forma activa o pasiva han contribuido a una mejor calidad de vida y sobrevida de los pacientes con enfermedades neuromusculares. Resulta esencial que los profesionales de la salud, conozcan todas las opciones terapéuticas al informar a sus pacientes y sus familias, de modo que ellos puedan tomar sus mejores decisiones en la medida que la debilidad e hipoventilación progresen. Los avances tecnológicos, la capacitación de los pacientes y sus cuidadores facilitan su estadía en el hogar sin depender de instituciones o cuidados de enfermería permanentes, promoviendo su autonomía e integración, disminuyendo el riesgo de falla respiratoria conducente a intubación endotraqueal y/o a traqueostomia. Los días 24 y 25 de noviembre del 2016, en Montevideo tuvo lugar un encuentro de capacitación en cuidados respiratorios no invasivos con más de 200 profesionales médicos, kinesiólogos y licenciadas de enfermería, destacando los avances y experiencia consolidad por el Dr. John Bach en más de 30 años de ejercicio profesional en pacientes con síndromes de hipoventilación secundario a enfermedades neuromusculares y otras condiciones que debilitan la bomba respiratoria. Las recomendaciones claves se resumen en este articulo, destacando como estos avances requieren impulsar un cambio de paradigma en la forma en que los profesionales de la salud ven y tratan a estos individuos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Neuromuscular Diseases/complications , Neuromuscular Diseases/therapy , Respiratory Insufficiency/etiology , Respiratory Insufficiency/physiopathology , Tracheostomy , Insufflation , Cough , Noninvasive Ventilation/methods , Hypoventilation/therapy , Neuromuscular Diseases/physiopathology
4.
Rehabil. integral (Impr.) ; 11(2): 78-89, dic. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-869332

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Cultural adaptation is a process that is applied in early phases of validation. The “Neuromuscular Score” is an instrument that classifies the gross motor function in people with neuromuscular diseases. It was created in France and has not yet been validated in Chile. Objectives: To carry out the cross cultural adaptation of the “NM Score” from the original version in French to Spanish according to the International standard of translation methodology. Patients and Method: The cross cultural adaptation is a descriptive and transversal study. This study is based on the FACIT methodologic process proposed by Eremenco. Seven health professionals, who achieved inclusion requirements, participated in the translation process. The reliability of the transcultural adaptation was determined with the final version. 30 patients from 6 to 26 years old, with neuromuscular pathology, were interviewed the Teletón Santiago Institute. Results: The methodologic process of translation and adaptation suggests that the translated version does not present great semantic differences. This process has a high global reliability measurements with Cronbach alpha coefficient = 0.93. Conclusion: The translation and adaptation process for NM Score obtained a reliable score and equivalence during its application, giving a representation of the functional compromise.


Introducción: La traducción y adaptación cultural de instrumentos de medición es un proceso que se aplica en las fases iniciales dentro de las etapas de validación de ellos. La Clasificación Puntaje Neuromuscular (NM-Score), es un instrumento que clasifica la severidad de la función motora gruesa en personas con patologías neuromusculares, creada en Francia y no validada en Chile. Objetivos: Realizar la adaptación transcultural de la clasificación NM-Score, desde la versión original en francés al español, según estándares internacionales de metodología de traducción y determinar su confiabilidad. Pacientes y Método: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, basado en metodología de traducción FACIT y medición de confiabilidad propuesto por Eremenco. Siete profesionales de la salud que cumplieron requisitos de inclusión participaron del proceso de traducción. La confiabilidad de la adaptación transcultural se determinó con la versión final de la Clasificación NM Score, que puede ser aplicada a pacientes y padres. Se entrevistaron a 30 usuarios, de 6 a 26 años, con diagnóstico de patología neuromuscular del Instituto Teletón Santiago. Resultados: El proceso metodológico de traducción y adaptación sugiere que la versión traducida no presenta grandes diferencias semánticas y tiene una alta confiabilidad global medido con α de Cronbach = 0,93. Conclusión: El proceso de traducción y adaptación de la Clasificación NM Score obtuvo una versión fiable y de equivalencia al momento de aplicarla a usuarios y padres, dando una representación del compromiso funcional.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Young Adult , Motor Activity/physiology , Cultural Characteristics , Neuromuscular Diseases/physiopathology , Severity of Illness Index , Translating , Activities of Daily Living , Cross-Sectional Studies , Motor Skills/classification , Reproducibility of Results
5.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 66(1): 72-74, Jan.-Feb. 2016.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-773482

ABSTRACT

The inclusion body myositis is an inflammatory myopathy that leads to chronic muscle inflammation associated with muscle weakness. It is characterized by a restrictive ventilatory syndrome requiring ventilatory support under non-invasive ventilation. The authors describe a clinical case and the anaesthetic management of a patient with inclusion body myopathy candidate for vertebroplasty, which highlights the importance of locoregional anaesthesia and of noninvasive ventilation and includes assisted cough techniques, maintained throughout the perioperative period.


A miosite por corpos de inclusão é uma miopatia inflamatória que cursa com inflamação crônica muscular associada à fraqueza muscular. Caracteriza-se por uma síndrome ventilatória restritiva com necessidade de suporte ventilatório sob ventilação não invasiva. Os autores descrevem caso clínico e respectivo manuseio anestésico de paciente com miopatia por corpos de inclusão proposta para vertebroplastia que realça a importância da anestesia locorregional e da ventilação não invasiva e inclui as técnicas de tosse assistida, mantidas durante todo o período perioperatório.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Myositis, Inclusion Body/physiopathology , Vertebroplasty/methods , Noninvasive Ventilation/methods , Anesthesia, Conduction/methods , Perioperative Care/methods , Anesthesia, Local/methods , Neuromuscular Diseases/physiopathology
6.
Neumol. pediátr. (En línea) ; 10(3): 134-136, jul. 2015. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-774014

ABSTRACT

Spirometry measures the forced expiratory volumes and flows. In patients with neuromuscular disease, these are altered since there is some respiratory muscle involvement. The usefulness of this test is based on the interpretation of the shape of the flow / volume loop and values of spirometric variables. In patients with neuromuscular disease, Forced Vital Capacity is the most used especially for its prognosis value.


La espirometría mide volúmenes y flujos espiratorios forzados. En los pacientes con enfermedad neuromuscular (ENM) estos se ven alterados debido al compromiso muscular respiratorio. La utilidad de este examen se basa en la interpretación de la forma de la curva flujo/volumen y los valores de las variables espirométricas. En los pacientes con ENM la Capacidad Vital Forzada es la más utilizada ya que otorga valor pronóstico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Maximal Expiratory Flow-Volume Curves/physiology , Neuromuscular Diseases/physiopathology , Maximal Expiratory Flow Rate/physiology , Respiratory Muscles/physiopathology , Spirometry , Vital Capacity
7.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 86(3): 161-167, jun. 2015. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-760109

ABSTRACT

Los Institutos Teletón atienden al 85% de la población infantil chilena con discapacidad neuro-músculo-esquelética, concentrando el mayor porcentaje de esta población. Sin embargo, no existen registros que permitan caracterizar esta población. Objetivo: Caracterizar la población de pacientes atendidos en el Instituto Teletón de Santiago durante el año 2012. Pacientes y método: Se analizaron las características sociodemográficas de los registros electrónicos del Instituto Teletón de Santiago de los pacientes activos que se atendieron durante el año 2012. Resultados: Durante el año 2012 se atendió un total de 8.959 pacientes en el Instituto Teletón de Santiago. En relación con el nivel socioeconómico, un 33,3% de estos correspondieron a extrema pobreza, y un 28,7% a nivel medio bajo. Con respecto a los diagnósticos clínicos principales se encontró que la parálisis cerebral y otras encefalopatías que también llevan a discapacidad motora concentran el 55,4% de los casos. Conclusiones: Como producto de esta caracterización, sería adecuado fomentar la necesidad de optimizar el registro nacional de la población infantil con discapacidad y sus características particulares, para así poder tomar decisiones de políticas públicas, como destinación de fondos o programas de apoyo.


The Institutos Teletón care for 85% of the Chilean child population with neuromusculoskeletal disability, the large percentage concentrating in this population. However, there are no registers that enable a profile to be determined on this population. Objective: To determine the profile of patients attending the Instituto Teletón de Santiago during the year 2012. Patients and method: The sociodemographic characteristics were analyzed from the computerised records of the Instituto Teletón de Santiago on active patients who were seen during the year 2012. Results: A total of 8,959 patients were seen during the study year in the Instituto Teletón de Santiago. As regards socioeconomic level, 33.3% were in extreme poverty, 28.7% to low-middle level. The main clinical diagnoses were cerebral palsy and other encephalopathies that also lead to motor disability, and accounted for 55.4% of the cases. Conclusions: As a result of determining this profile, it would be appropriate to encourage the need for a national register of the child population with disability, as well as their particular characteristics in order to make decisions on public policy, as a destination for funds or support programs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Brain Diseases/therapy , Cerebral Palsy/therapy , Disabled Persons/rehabilitation , Neuromuscular Diseases/therapy , Poverty , Socioeconomic Factors , Brain Diseases/physiopathology , Brain Diseases/epidemiology , Cerebral Palsy/epidemiology , Chile , Retrospective Studies , Neuromuscular Diseases/physiopathology , Neuromuscular Diseases/epidemiology
8.
J. bras. pneumol ; 40(6): 626-633, Nov-Dec/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-732558

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Respiratory muscle weakness is a functional repercussion of chronic lung disease (CLD). The objective of this study was to assess the effects of home-based respiratory muscle training (RMT) in children and adolescents with CLD or neuromuscular disease (NMD). METHODS: This was a quasi-experimental study involving children and adolescents with CLD or NMD. Before and after 6 months of home-based RMT, we measured respiratory muscle strength (MIP and MEP), PEF, and peak cough flow (PCF). We made statistical comparisons between the pre-RMT and post-RMT values, as well as evaluating the correlation between the duration and effect of RMT. RESULTS: The study included 29 patients, with a mean age of 12 years (range, 5-17 years), of whom 18 (62.1%) were male. The CLD group comprised 11 patients (37.9%), and the NMD group comprised 18 (62.1%). The mean duration of the RMT was 60 weeks (range, 46-90 weeks) in the CLD group and 39 weeks (range, 24-89 weeks) in the NMD group. In comparison with the pre-RMT values, the post-RMT values for MIP and MEP were significantly higher in both groups, whereas those for PEF and PCF were significantly higher only in the NMD group. We found no correlation between the duration and the effect of RMT. CONCLUSIONS: Home-based RMT appears to be an effective strategy for increasing respiratory muscle strength in children and adolescents with CLD or NMD, although it increased the ability to cough effectively only in those with NMD. .


OBJETIVO: A fraqueza muscular respiratória é uma repercussão funcional da doença pulmonar crônica (DPC). O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do treinamento muscular respiratório (TMR) domiciliar em crianças e adolescentes com DPC ou doença neuromuscular (DNM). MÉTODOS: Estudo quasi-experimental com crianças e adolescentes com DPC ou DNM. Foram medidos a força muscular respiratória (PEmáx e PImáx) e o pico de fluxo da tosse (PFT) antes e depois de 6 meses de TMR domiciliar. Foram realizadas comparações estatísticas entre valores pré- e pós-TMR e foram avaliadas as correlações entre a duração e o efeito do TMR. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos no estudo 29 pacientes, com média de idade de 12 anos (variação, 5-17 anos), dos quais 18 (62,1%) eram meninos. O grupo DPC consistiu em 11 pacientes (37,9%) e o grupo DNM, em 18 (62,1%). A média da duração do TMR foi de 60 semanas (variação, 46-90 semanas) no grupo DPC e de 39 semanas (variação, 24-89 semanas) no grupo DNM. Em comparação com os valores pré-TMR, os valores pós-TMR para PImáx e PEmáx foram significativamente maiores nos dois grupos, enquanto aqueles para PFE e PFT foram significativamente maiores apenas no grupo DNM. Não houve correlações entre a duração e o efeito do TMR. CONCLUSÕES: O TMR domiciliar parece ser uma estratégia eficaz para o aumento da força muscular respiratória em crianças e adolescentes com DPC ou DNM, embora aumente efetivamente a capacidade de tosse somente naqueles com DNM. .


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Breathing Exercises , Lung Diseases/physiopathology , Muscle Strength/physiology , Neuromuscular Diseases/physiopathology , Respiratory Muscles/physiology , Airway Resistance/physiology , Chronic Disease , Muscle Stretching Exercises , Muscle Contraction/physiology , Respiratory Function Tests
9.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 142(2): 238-245, feb. 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-710993

ABSTRACT

Cough is a natural reflex that protects respiratory airways against infections or mucus retention. Cough maintains an adequate cleaning of the airways and is a mainstay of respiratory therapy. It can be triggered voluntarily by the patient or by a specific cough device. Peak cough flow (PCF) is used to assess the effectiveness of the cough. When this value is below 160 L/min, cough is considered inefficient and becomes a risk factor for respiratory problems. Patients with weak cough, especially those with neuromuscular disease, have in common a low tidal volume and a decreased maximum insufflation capacity. Both factors directly affect the inspiratory phase previous to cough, which is considered vital to obtain the optimum flow for a productive cough. Different therapeutic measures may help to increase cough efficiency among patients with cough weakness. These interventions may be performed using manual techniques or by mechanical devices. The aim of this review is to analyze the different techniques available for cough assistance, set a hierarchy of use and establish a scientific basis for their application in clinical practice.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cough , Neuromuscular Diseases/complications , Respiratory Therapy/methods , Forced Expiratory Volume/physiology , Insufflation/methods , Mucus , Neuromuscular Diseases/physiopathology , Positive-Pressure Respiration/methods , Respiration Disorders/etiology , Respiration Disorders/rehabilitation , Respiratory Muscles/physiopathology
10.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 29(4): 196-203, dic. 2013. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-704545

ABSTRACT

Background: The pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) has acquired an important role in neuromuscular patient treatment. The aim was to investigate the effects of PR program on 6-minute walking test variables (6MWT) and respiratory muscle function (RMF) in patients with neuromuscular disease. Patients and Methods: In the study were included 13 patients, age 12.5 +/- 2.8 years old. Seven of them were able to walk (2 Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy (FSHD), 1 Becker Muscular Dystrophy, 1 Congenital Myopathy, 1 Bethlem Syndrome, 2 Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy); and 6 were unable to walk (4 Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, 1 Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) type III and 1 SMAII). The results of RMF and 6MWT before and after 13 weeks of respiratory muscle training (RMT) (40-50 percent Pimax and 60-70 percent Pemax) and aerobic training (AT) (50 percent heart rate reserve) were analyzed. Wilcoxon test with 95 percent confidence interval was used to assess statistical significance. Results: Significant changes (p < 0.05) were observed in the averages of dyspnea score that decreased in 1.8 points (from 4.4 to 2.6; -40.9 percent) and in sustained inspiratory pressure (Pims) that increased in 14.3 cm H2O (from 16 to 30.3; +89.4 percent). Other variables that assessed aerobic capacity (6 MWT, heart rate and leg fatigue) and RMF (Pimax and Pemax) showed a trend towards improvement, but did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: In patients with neuromuscular diseases significant changes in dyspnea after cardiopulmonary training protocol were observed. Moreover, the moderate intensity respiratory muscle training was well tolerated and an effective method to generate significant increases in Pims, constituting an alternative to previously established protocols.


Introducción: La rehabilitación respiratoria (RR) ha adquirido un papel importante en el manejo del paciente con enfermedad neuromuscular. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar los efectos de un programa de rehabilitación respiratoria (RR) sobre variables del test de caminata de 6 min (C6M) y función muscular respiratoria (FMR) en pacientes con patología neuromuscular. Pacientes y Métodos: En el estudio se incluyeron 13 pacientes, edad: 12,5 +/- 2,8 años, de los cuales 7 son ambulantes (2 distrofia muscular (DM) fascio-escápulo-humeral, 1 DM de Becker, 1 miopatía congénita, 1 síndrome de Bethlem, 2 DM de Duchenne); y 6 no son ambulantes (4 DM de Duchenne, 1 atrofia espinal (AT) tipo 3 y 1AT 2). Se analizaron los registros de FMR y C6M al inicio y posterior a 13 semanas de entrenamiento muscular respiratorio (40-50 por ciento Pimax y 60-70 por ciento Pemax) y cardiopulmonar (50 por ciento de FCR). Se utilizó el test no paramétrico de Wilcoxon con un intervalo de confianza de 95 por ciento. Resultados: Se observaron cambios significativos (p < 0,05) en el puntaje de disnea que disminuyó 1,8 puntos (de 4,4 a 2,6; -40,9 por ciento) y en la presión inspiratoria máxima sostenida (Pims) que aumentó 14,3 cm de H2O (de 16 a 30,3 cm H(2)0; +89,4 por ciento). Las otras variables que evaluaron capacidad aeróbica (C6M, frecuencia cardíaca y fatiga de las piernas) y función de los músculos respiratorios (Pimax y Pemax) mostraron una tendencia a la mejoría, sin embargo, no alcanzaron significación estadística. Conclusiones: En pacientes con enfermedades neuromusculares se observan cambios significativos en la disnea posterior a un protocolo de entrenamiento cardiopulmonar. Por otra parte, el entrenamiento muscular respiratorio de moderada intensidad fue un método bien tolerado y efectivo para generar incrementos significativos en la Pims, constituyendo una alternativa a los protocolos previamente establecidos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Female , Child , Breathing Exercises , Neuromuscular Diseases/rehabilitation , Breath Tests , Exercise Tolerance , Neuromuscular Diseases/physiopathology , Forced Expiratory Volume , Gait , Respiratory Insufficiency/rehabilitation , Prospective Studies , Vital Capacity
11.
Yonsei Medical Journal ; : 972-976, 2011.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-30293

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: For patients with neuromuscular disease, air stacking, which inflates the lungs to deep volumes, is important for many reasons. However, neuromuscular patients with severe glottic dysfunction or indwelling tracheostomy tubes cannot air stack effectively. For these patients, we developed a device that permits deep lung insufflations substituting for glottic function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-seven patients with bulbar-innervated muscle weakness and/or tracheostomies were recruited. Twenty-three had amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and 14 were tetraplegic patients due to cervical spinal cord injury. An artificial external glottic device (AEGD) was used to permit passive deep lung insufflation. In order to confirm the utility of AEGD, vital capacity, maximum insufflation capacity (MIC), and lung insufflation capacity (LIC) with AEGD (LICA) were measured. RESULTS: For 30 patients, MICs were initially zero. However, with the use of the AEGD, LICA was measurable for all patients. The mean LICA was 1,622.7+/-526.8 mL. Although MIC was measurable for the remaining 7 patients without utilizing the AEGD, it was significantly less than LICA, which was 1,084.3+/-259.9 mL and 1,862.9+/-248 mL, respectively (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The AEGD permits lung insufflation by providing deeper lung volumes than possible by air stacking.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Forced Expiratory Flow Rates/physiology , Insufflation/instrumentation , Neuromuscular Diseases/physiopathology , Ventilators, Mechanical , Vital Capacity/physiology
12.
Neumol. pediátr ; 5(2): 67-73, 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-588439

ABSTRACT

El compromiso respiratorio de los pacientes con enfermedad neuromuscular (ENM) incide en la historia natural de la enfermedad y en la calidad de vida del niño y su familia. La falla respiratoria es responsable de un número significativo de muertes prevenibles con una intervención precoz. Frecuentemente estos pacientes tienen escoliosis, que al progresar sin un tratamiento quirúrgico oportuno, aumenta la morbimortalidad por causa respiratoria, aumenta el compromiso cardiovascular e impide lograr posicionamiento sin dolor al perder la marcha y bipedoestación. En este artículo se abordan recomendaciones para la evaluación quirúrgica en niños con ENM, haciendo especial consideración de aspectos respiratorios, como la evaluación funcional y los coadyuvantes terapéuticos perioperatorios incluyendo la asistencia ventilatoria no invasiva y el entrenamiento respiratorio.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Neuromuscular Diseases/surgery , Neuromuscular Diseases/complications , Scoliosis/surgery , Scoliosis/complications , Algorithms , Arthrodesis , Breath Tests , Breathing Exercises , Neuromuscular Diseases/physiopathology , Scoliosis/physiopathology , Respiratory Insufficiency/etiology , Orthopedics , Respiration, Artificial
13.
Neumol. pediátr ; 5(2): 74-89, 2010. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-588440

ABSTRACT

El compromiso del sistema respiratorio repercute directamente en la morbimortalidad de niños y adolescentes con enfermedades neuromusculares (ENM). Un enfoque integral que incluya la aproximación a un diagnostico neurológico específico, evaluación funcional respiratoria, de los trastornos respiratorios de sueño, comorbilidades y afecciones secundarias, permiten orientar a el tipo, grado y pronóstico respiratorio; además de otorgar herramientas objetivas para modificar la historia natural de la enfermedad. Utilizar criterios estrictos de selección, una mirada interdisciplinaria y actividades complementarias de rehabilitación; que incorporen en forma programática la ventilación no invasiva domiciliaria, protocolos de tos asistida y métodos para aumentar la capacidad máxima de insuflación, cambia la evolución, disminuye la morbimortalidad y evita la traqueostomía, en una alta proporción de niños y adolescentes portadores de ENM.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Child Care/methods , Neuromuscular Diseases/diagnosis , Neuromuscular Diseases/therapy , Algorithms , Breath Tests , Breathing Exercises , Neuromuscular Diseases/physiopathology , Scoliosis/etiology , Nutritional Support , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy , Polysomnography , Respiration, Artificial , Sleep Apnea Syndromes/etiology
14.
Neumol. pediátr ; 5(2): 89-95, 2010. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-588441

ABSTRACT

Este artículo tiene como propósito revisar aspectos fisiológicos, técnicos y clínicos de la oscilometría de impulso aplicada en pediatría; ya que en la actualidad tiene un rol importante en el estudio de la mecánica respiratoria. Es una interesante aproximación al diagnóstico funcional del sistema respiratorio por su fácil realización; en cuanto no necesita de la cooperación activa del paciente, se obtienen resultados comprensibles del sitio y magnitud de la alteración, puede complementar las pruebas de provocación, pesquizar precozmente la respuesta broncodilatadora y participar en el seguimiento de enfermedades crónicas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Airway Resistance , Respiratory Mechanics/physiology , Oscillometry/methods , Respiratory Function Tests/methods , Lung/physiology , Bronchial Provocation Tests , Dilatation , Neuromuscular Diseases/diagnosis , Neuromuscular Diseases/physiopathology , Lung Diseases, Obstructive/diagnosis , Lung Diseases, Obstructive/physiopathology , Bronchial Hyperreactivity/physiopathology , Quality Control , Reference Values , Reproducibility of Results
16.
Neumol. pediátr ; 3(supl): 13-17, 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-588390

ABSTRACT

En el tratamiento de los pacientes con insuficiencia respiratoria crónica, ya sea esta por una condición progresiva o estable, se ha incorporado en los últimos años la Ventilación Mecánica no Invasiva (VNI) como una alternativa eficiente en el manejo domiciliario. Su uso protocolizado ha logrado mejorarla evolución y sobrevida de estos pacientes, disminuyendo la morbilidad relacionada a exacerbaciones y mejorando la calidad de vida del paciente y su familia. Esto ha requerido establecer criterios estrictos de selección y revisar las contraindicaciones según consideraciones técnicas y éticas. Estas decisiones tienen implicancias económicas, tecnológicas y en la organización de una red de apoyo en que participe en forma fluida todo el equipo de salud. Se mencionan las recomendaciones existentes parainiciar la VNI y los criterios de selección considerados en el Programa Chileno de Asistencia Ventilatoria no Invasiva en Domicilio.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Breath Tests , Chronic Disease , Neuromuscular Diseases/physiopathology , Home Care Services , Respiratory Insufficiency/etiology , Respiratory Insufficiency/physiopathology , Patient Selection , Respiration, Artificial
17.
Neumol. pediátr ; 3(supl): 18-24, 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-588391

ABSTRACT

El presente capitulo aborda aspectos fisiopatológicos de los trastornos respiratorios del sueño (TRS) y los métodos diagnósticos disponibles para su pesquisa precoz en pacientes neuromusculares, en riesgo de hipoventilación nocturna, con objeto de ayudar en la decisión de cuando iniciar ventilación mecánica no invasiva (VNI).


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Neuromuscular Diseases/physiopathology , Polysomnography , Respiration, Artificial , Sleep Apnea Syndromes/diagnosis , Sleep Apnea Syndromes/physiopathology , Sleep Apnea Syndromes/therapy , Blood Gas Analysis , Neuromuscular Diseases/diagnosis , Hypoventilation/physiopathology , Oximetry
18.
Neumol. pediátr ; 3(supl): 76-82, 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-588400

ABSTRACT

Este capitulo describe los fundamentos e indicaciones del equipo electromecánico de tos asistida, “in-exsufflator”, en pacientes con enfermedades neuromusculares u otras condiciones que comprometen la eficacia en la remoción de las secreciones traqueobronquiales relacionadas a mecanismos de tos ineficiente. Se señalan los criterios de selección para la entrega de esta terapia kinésica y el funcionamiento básico de este dispositivo. Además se propone un protocolo complementario de manejo kinésico para pacientes neuromusculares usuarios de asistencia ventilatoria no invasiva e invasiva.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Neuromuscular Diseases/physiopathology , Neuromuscular Diseases/rehabilitation , Neuromuscular Diseases/therapy , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Insufflation/instrumentation , Positive-Pressure Respiration/instrumentation , Algorithms , Respiratory Insufficiency/physiopathology , Respiratory Insufficiency/rehabilitation , Insufflation/methods , Physical Therapy Modalities , Patient Selection , Respiration, Artificial , Respiratory Therapy/methods , Cough/physiopathology
19.
Neumol. pediátr ; 2(1): 15-20, 2007. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-496207

ABSTRACT

Las enfermedades neuromusculares (ENM) comprenden un extenso grupo de condiciones neurológicas que comprometen la eficacia del sistema respiratorio y que generalmente se asocian a síndromes de hipoventilación. El curso de muchas es inexorablemente hacia la insuficiencia respiratoria y muerte; sin embargo, su evolución depende de diversos factores. El soporte ventilatorio crónico mediante CPAP o BiPAP en niños con ENM ha demostrado el retiro de pacientes de la ventilación mecánica convencional, disminuir el número de complicaciones asociadas a infecciones, intubación prolongada de la vía aérea y traqueostomía. El incremento en la sobrevida de los pacientes con ENM progresivas ha permitido que muchos de estos pacientes permanezcan en sus domicilios. En general el empleo de máscaras es seguro, por lo que las complicaciones mayores son infrecuentes. El pronóstico de las ENM dependerá del grado de compromiso de los distintos elementos respiratorios, existiendo una estrecha relación con xifoescoliosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Neuromuscular Diseases/physiopathology , Respiratory Insufficiency/etiology , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Patient Selection , Residential Treatment , Respiration, Artificial , Respiration, Artificial/instrumentation
20.
Neumol. pediátr ; 2(1): 6-10, 2007. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-496209

ABSTRACT

Las investigaciones en torno a la insuficiencia respiratoria secundaria a enfermedades neuromusculares (ENM) han experimentado un rápido desarrollo durante la última década. El progreso en el manejo de las complicaciones respiratorias no sólo ha mejorado la sobrevida sino la calidad de vida de muchos niños. La ventilación no invasiva (VNI) ha demostrado ser efectiva en reducir la morbilidad y mortalidad en pacientes con ENM, cambiado drásticamente el curso natural de algunas de ellas como la distrofia muscular de Duchenne. La determinación de la capacidad vital forzada puede predecir la aparición de complicaciones respiratorias en niños con distrofias musculares congénitas y atrofias musculares espinales. La VNI es un tratamiento reconocido como efectivo para el manejo a largo plazo de la insuficiencia respiratoria terminal. Existe evidencia que demuestra mejoría en los síntomas, calidad de vida y prevención de complicaciones respiratorias cuando la VNI se incorpora durante la presencia de hipoventilación nocturna incluso antes del desarrollo de insuficiencia respiratoria diurna. Se destaca la importancia de la evaluación respiratoria regular en las ENM, incluyendo estudios de sueño.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Neuromuscular Diseases/physiopathology , Neuromuscular Diseases/therapy , Respiratory Insufficiency/physiopathology , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Positive-Pressure Respiration/methods , Chronic Disease , Neuromuscular Diseases/complications , Hypoventilation/therapy , Intermittent Positive-Pressure Breathing , Respiratory Insufficiency/etiology , Respiratory Muscles/physiopathology , Respiratory Function Tests/methods , Respiratory Therapy/instrumentation
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